Internal Hemorrhoids: Causes, Symptoms, and Best Treatment Options

Hemorrhoids, commonly known as piles, are swollen veins in the lower rectum. They are classified into two types: internal and external. Internal hemorrhoids appear inside the rectum and are usually painless but may cause bleeding. This condition affects millions of people worldwide, leading to discomfort and sometimes serious complications if left untreated. In this blog, the best piles specialist in Pune, Dr. Samrat Jankar explains the causes, symptoms, and best treatment options for internal hemorrhoids.

Causes of Internal Hemorrhoids:

Several factors contribute to the development of internal hemorrhoids, including:

Chronic Constipation: Straining during bowel movements raises pressure on rectal veins, leading to hemorrhoids.
Prolonged Sitting: Sitting for long periods, especially on the toilet, puts excessive strain on the rectal area.
Low-Fiber Diet: A diet lacking in fiber results in hard stools, making bowel movements more difficult.
Obesity: Excess body weight exerts additional pressure on the rectal veins, improving the risk of hemorrhoids.
Pregnancy: Hormonal changes and increased pressure in the pelvic area during pregnancy contribute to the formation of hemorrhoids.
Aging: As people age, the tissues supporting rectal veins weaken, making them more susceptible to swelling.
Heavy Lifting: Frequently lifting heavy objects can strain the rectal veins, leading to hemorrhoids.
Chronic Diarrhea: Frequent bowel movements can irritate the rectal area, causing hemorrhoidal swelling.

Symptoms of Internal Hemorrhoids:

Unlike external hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids are usually not painful since they are located inside the rectum. However, they can cause several symptoms, including:

Rectal Bleeding: Bright red blood on toilet paper or in the stool is a common sign of internal hemorrhoids.
Mucus Discharge: A slimy mucus may be present after a bowel movement.
Itching and Irritation: In some cases, the leakage of mucus can cause irritation around the anus.
Feeling of Incomplete Evacuation: Patients may feel as though they have not completely emptied their bowels.
Prolapsed Hemorrhoids: In severe cases, the hemorrhoid may protrude outside the anus and require manual pushing back in.

Diagnosis of Internal Hemorrhoids:

A proper diagnosis is important to rule out other conditions such as anal fissures, colorectal cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease. Dr. Samrat Jankar may perform the following diagnostic procedures:

Physical Examination: A visual and digital rectal examination helps assess the severity of hemorrhoids.
Anoscopy: A small tube with a light is used to examine the anal canal.
Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy: In cases of significant bleeding, a more detailed examination may be needed to check for other underlying conditions.

Best Treatment Options for Internal Hemorrhoids:

Treatment depends on the severity of the condition. Mild cases can often be managed with lifestyle modifications, while more severe cases may require medical intervention.

Home Remedies and Lifestyle Changes:

For mild internal hemorrhoids, the following self-care measures can provide relief:

Increase Fiber Intake: Consuming fiber-rich foods like fruits, vegetables, and whole grains softens stools and reduces straining.
Stay Hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps maintain regular bowel movements.
Avoid Straining: Do not force bowel movements, as it increases pressure on hemorrhoidal veins.
Use Sitz Baths: Soaking in warm water for 10-15 minutes can reduce discomfort and inflammation.
Exercise Regularly: Physical activity stimulates healthy digestion and controls constipation.
Maintain Good Hygiene: Keeping the anal area clean and dry prevents irritation.

Medications:

Over-the-counter and prescription medications can help reduce symptoms:

Stool Softeners: These reduce the effort needed to pass stools.
Topical Creams and Suppositories: Hydrocortisone creams and witch hazel-based products can reduce swelling and itching.
Pain Relievers: Oral painkillers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can ease discomfort.

Minimally Invasive Procedures:

If home remedies and medications do not work, minimally invasive procedures may be necessary:

Rubber Band Ligation: A small rubber band is placed around the hemorrhoid’s base, cutting off the blood supply and causing it to shrink.
Sclerotherapy: A chemical injection is used to shrink the hemorrhoid.
Infrared Coagulation: Infrared light is used to coagulate and shrink the hemorrhoidal tissue.

Surgical Treatments:

For severe or recurrent hemorrhoids, surgical intervention may be required:

Hemorrhoidectomy: Surgical removal of large or prolapsed hemorrhoids.
Stapled Hemorrhoidopexy: A stapling procedure to reposition the hemorrhoid and reduce blood flow to the area.
Doppler-Guided Hemorrhoidal Artery Ligation (HAL): This technique identifies and ligates the blood vessels supplying hemorrhoids, causing them to shrink.

When to See a Doctor?

While mild cases of internal hemorrhoids can be managed at home, it is essential to seek medical attention if you experience:

Persistent rectal bleeding
Extreme pain or discomfort
Prolapsed hemorrhoids that do not retract
Symptoms that do not improve with home treatments

Conclusion:

Internal hemorrhoids are a common yet manageable condition. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent complications and improve quality of life. If you experience symptoms of internal hemorrhoids, consult a piles specialist in Pune like Dr. Samrat Jankar for the best treatment options tailored to your needs.

For expert consultation and treatment, book an appointment with Dr. Samrat Jankar today!